Background and Aim: In humans, many diseases are associated with the accumulation of free radicals. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and minimize their impact. Therefore, the search for naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin is imperative. Methods: Here, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of methanolic extracts from Plantago major, Asperugo procumbens, Fumaria paviflora. Methanolic extract of P. major, A. procumbens, F. paviflora leaf is a potential source of natural antioxidants and serves as an effective free radical scavenger and/or inhibitor. Hence, of P. major, A. procumbens, F. paviflora might be a good plant-based pharmaceutical product for several diseases caused by free radicals. Results: In this experiment, we examined different parts (leaf) of A. procumbens and found that methanolic extract of A. procumbens leaf, which contains large amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, exhibited the highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging. A positive correlation (P-value < 0. 005) was observed between phenolic content and free radical (DPPH) scavenging efficiencies. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of A. procumbens leaf is a potential source of natural antioxidants and serves as an effective free radical scavenger and/or inhibitor. Hence, A. procumbens might be a good plant-based pharmaceutical product for several diseases caused by free radicals.

The general desire to replace antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants with natural plants extracts has gained importance in recent years. This approach may be associated with the negative health effects of synthetic antioxidants and antibiotic resistance. Due to these controversial issues, in this study, free radical scavenging activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antimicrobial activity of Methanolic Extracts (ME) from Teucrium polium, Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss, Mentha longifolia, and Nectaroscordum tripedale leaves were compared with Crocus sativus tepals. The antioxidant activity of these extracts was investigated in comparison with BHA, BHT, and α-tocopherol by DPPH method. Antimicrobial activities were determined by paper disc agar diffusion method against S. aureus (Gram positive) and E. coli O157: H7 (Gram negative). Results showed that C. sativus tepals contained the highest TPC (37. 36 mg GAE g-1) and TFC (138. 52 mg Q g-1). Also, radical scavenging activity of C. sativus tepals ME (87. 33%) was significantly higher than the other extracts; and it was the same as BHA and α-tocopherol statistically. In addition, a significant relationship between radical scavenging activity and TPC (R= 0. 964) and TFC (R= 0. 806) was found, illustrating the major role of these compounds in antioxidant activity of the mentioned plants. Antibacterial activity of N. tripedale leaf extract and C. sativus tepal extract against the two abovementioned pathogens were the highest among all the studied herbal extracts (P< 0. 05). Moreover, Results of antimicrobial activities were also strongly correlated to free radical scavenging activity and TPC, which indicates the importance of these factors on antimicrobial properties of the five studied medicinal herbs.

Objective(s): The unfavorable physicochemical properties of well recognized antioxidant phytoactive sesamol limits its oral bioavailability as well as potential application as an antioxidant drug. The aim of the study is to design and evaluate sesamol encapsulated hyaluronic acid anchored phospholipid nanovesicles to enhance its antioxidant potential. Methods: Drug encapsulated hyalurosomes were prepared using thin film hydration method and evaluated for particle diameter, physical stability, drug encapsulation efficiency, sesamol release behavior in vitro and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Results: The selected method was found to be effective for fabrication of phospholipid nanovesicles with particle diameter 200 ±,10. 173 nm and zeta potential-29. 8 ±,4. 16 mV. The drug loaded hyalurosomes revealed significantly better radical scavenging potential compared to free sesamol and unloaded hyalurosomes. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid functionalized phospholipid nanovesicles is novel phospholipid based carrier for delivery of phytoactives. Thus formulated phospholipid based system could be acceptable system for delivery sesamol with improved antioxidant potential.

Research works p roposed that radical scavenging activity of flavonoids is due to ring B, and the remaining part of the molecule can be disregarded. Thus the objective of this work is to observe whether hydroxytoluenes account the radical scavenging activity of flavonoid and to establish structural requirements for their activity (as they showed appreciable activity) and elucidate a comprehensive mechanism that can explain their activity and termination. Thus, the radical-scavenging activity of nine hydroxytoluene derivatives against 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, DPPH was determined. The relative change in energy (DHf) associated with the formation of phenolic radicals and the spin distributions in these radicals were determined using computational programs (Density function theory and Hartree Fock). By correlating experimental data with DHf, the most active compounds and structural features that are responsible for their activities were identified. Reaction product of 4-methyl catechol with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH was isolated and characterized in order to unravel the mechanism of termination of most active hydroxytoluenes.Termination enthalpy (DH2) of methyl-catechols and methyl-hydroquinone, once the termination mechanism explained, was calculated to understand its role in the radical scavenging activity.